AAPI – Asian American and Pacific Islander: Demographic label that groups together Asian and Pacific Islander communities

AHO – Access to Home Ownership: Office of Hawaiian Affairs program that guarantees portions of home loans for Native Hawaiian first-time homebuyers

CDFI – Community Development Financial Institution: Specialized lenders focused on serving underserved communities

CFPB – Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Federal agency that oversees mortgage lending and consumer financial protection

CRA – Community Reinvestment Act: Federal law requiring banks to meet credit needs of their entire communities, especially low-income areas

FHA – Federal Housing Administration: Government agency that insures mortgages

GSE – Government-Sponsored Enterprise: Companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that buy mortgages from lenders

HMDA – Home Mortgage Disclosure Act: Federal law requiring lenders to report detailed mortgage lending data

HoPI – Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: Demographic category for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander populations

HUD – US Department of Housing and Urban Development: Federal agency that oversees housing programs

IHBG – Indian Housing Block Grant: Federal program funding housing development on tribal lands

LEI – Legal Entity Identifier: Unique identification code for financial institutions

LMI – Low- and Moderate-Income: People or areas with incomes at or below 80% of area median income

LMIB – Low and Moderate-Income Borrower: Borrowers with incomes below 80% of area median income

LMICT – Low- and Moderate-Income Census Tract: Geographic areas where median incomes fall below 80% of regional average

MIP – Mortgage Insurance Premium: Monthly fee paid by FHA borrowers to protect lenders against default

MMCT – Majority-Minority Census Tract: Neighborhoods where racial/ethnic minorities make up more than 50% of residents

RHS – Rural Housing Service: USDA program providing housing assistance in rural areas

VA – Veterans Affairs: Government department that provides benefits to military veterans, including mortgage guarantees

YoY – Year-over-Year: Comparison between the same period in consecutive years